The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.